ALLAMA MUHAMMAD IQBAL (R.A)
Introduction:
Sir Muhammad Iqbal, often known as Allama Iqbal, was a Muslim poet and philosopher who lived from November 9, 1877, to April 21, 1938. Pakistan was founded by Allama Iqbal. He was named Pakistan's national poet after his death. He is sometimes referred to as the East's poet. He composed Urdu and Persian poetry. His poetry is widely regarded as revolutionary. His idea of an autonomous state for British India's Muslims served as the foundation for the founding of Pakistan. Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal is his popular moniker.
Pakistani, Indian, and other worldwide academics of literature see Iqbal as a notable classical poet. He is most known as a poet, but he is also regarded as a modern Muslim philosopher. His first collection of poetry, Asrar-e-Khudi, was published in Persian in 1915, and he also published Rumuz-i-Bekhudi, Payam-i-Mashriq, and Zabur-i-Ajam. Bang-i-Dara, Bal-i-Jibril, and Zarb-i Kalim are some of his most well-known Urdu works. His varied Urdu and English lectures and letters, in addition to his Urdu and Persian poetry, have had a significant impact on cultural, social, religious, and political debates throughout the years. King George V knighted him in 1922, recognizing his achievements.
Bang-i-Dara, Bal-i-Jibril, and Zarb-i Kalim are some of his most well-known Urdu works. His varied Urdu and English lectures and letters, in addition to his Urdu and Persian poetry, have had a significant impact on cultural, social, religious, and political debates throughout the years. King George V knighted him in 1922, bestowing the title "Sir" on him.
Share-e-Mashriq, or Poet of the East, is how Iqbal is known. He is also known as Muffakir-e-Pakistan (Pakistan's Inceptor) and Hakeem-ul-Ummat (Ummah's Sage). Pakistan has designated him as the country's "national poet." In Iran and Afghanistan, he is known as Iqbal-e Lahori (Iqbal of Lahore), and his Persian work is highly regarded.
His birthday is November 9th, which is a national holiday in Pakistan.
Biography:
Iqbal was born in the Punjab Province of British India, in the city of Sialkot (now in Pakistan). Kashmiri Pandits, or Kashmiri Brahmins who converted to Islam, were Iqbal's forefathers. When the Sikhs took control of Kashmir in the 19th century, his grandfather's family moved to Punjab. In his works, Iqbal frequently acknowledged and reflected on his Kashmiri Pandit Brahmin ancestors.
Who would eagerly await my arrival in my hometown?
Who would be agitated if my letter did not arrive on time?
I'll pay thy tomb a visit with this complaint: Who will now remember me in their midnight prayers?
"Thy love hath served me with devotion all of my life—thou hast fled when I grew competent to serve thee." "
Iqbal was sent to the mosque to memorize the Quran when he was four years old. Later, he was taught by Syed Mir Hassan, the head of the Madrassa in Sialkot. In 1895, Iqbal got his Faculty of Arts credential from Scotch Mission College, where his Arabic tutor, Hassan, was a professor.
Iqbal married Karim Bibi, the daughter of a Gujrati surgeon named Khan Bahadur Ata Muhammad Khan, in a first arranged marriage in the same year.
Miraj Begum was their daughter, while Aftab Iqbal was their son. Iqbal's second marriage was with Sardar Begum, the mother of Javid Iqbal, and his third marriage was in December 1914 with Mukhtar Begum.
Iqbal began studying philosophy, English literature, and Arabic in Lahore's Government college during his first marriage. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree with honors.
Sir Thomas Arnold, a philosophy professor at the institution, was a personal friend of Iqbal's. Iqbal was affected by Arnold's ideas and decided to pursue higher study in Europe. In 1907, Iqbal received a scholarship from Trinity College in Cambridge, and in 1908, he was admitted to the bar at Lincoln's Inn.
Iqbal began writing Persian poetry while studying in Europe. He made it a priority since he believed he had discovered a simple method to express himself. Throughout his life, he would continue to compose in Persian.
In the year 1907, Iqbal visited Heidelberg, Germany. Emma Wegenast, his German instructor, taught him "Faust" by Goethe, Heine, and Nietzsche. Iqbal felt affection for her, but there was no development in their relationship.
In 1907, he received entrance to the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich's Faculty of Philosophy, where he pursued his Ph.D. studies. Iqbal wrote his Ph.D. thesis, The Development of Metaphysics in Persia, under the supervision of Friedrich Hommel, and published it in 1908.
Academic Career
When he returned to India, Iqbal accepted an assistant professorship at Government College in Lahore, but he left after a year for financial concerns to practice law. Iqbal began focusing on spiritual and religious matters while keeping his law career, and he began writing poetry and literary works. He got involved in the Anjuman-e-Himayat-e-Islam, Muslim intellectuals, authors, poets, and politicians' convention.
He became the organization's general secretary in 1919. Iqbal's writing is largely concerned with the spiritual orientation and evolution of human civilization, and is based on his travels and stays in Western Europe and the Middle East. Western intellectuals such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Henri Bergson, and Goethe inspired him greatly.
Mawlana Rumi's poetry and ideas had the greatest impact on Iqbal's intellect. Iqbal, who had been deeply rooted in religion since infancy, began focusing his studies on Islam, Islamic civilization's culture and history, and its political destiny while accepting Rumi as "his mentor." Rumi would play the role of guide in several of Iqbal's poetry. Iqbal's works are primarily concerned with reminding his readers of Islamic civilization's previous glories and presenting the message of a pure, spiritual concentration on Islam as a source of socio-political liberty and glory. Iqbal criticized political divides inside and within Muslim countries, and he constantly alluded to and talked about it.
Allama Iqbal's poetry was also translated into various European languages throughout the early twentieth century, where his works were well-known. R A Nicholson and A J Arberry, respectively, translated Iqbal's Asrar-i-Khudi and Javed Nama into English.
Political Life
Iqbal had remained energetic within the Muslim League whilst nevertheless training regulation and writing poetry. He changed into an outspoken opponent of Indian participation in World War I and the Khilafat motion of the time, and he maintained robust family members with Muslim political figures which include Maulana Mohammad Ali and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He change into an outspoken opponent of the Indian National Congress, which he took into consideration as being ruled with the aid of using Hindus.
When the League was elected to the Indian National Congress within side1920s, he was disappointed.
It turned into absorbed in factional divides among the pro-British institution led through Sir Muhammad Shafi and the centrist institution led through Jinnah.
In November 1926, with the encouragement of buddies and supporters, Iqbal contested for a seat withinside the Punjab Legislative Assembly from the Muslim district of Lahore and defeated his opponent through a margin of 3,177 votes.[22] He supported the constitutional proposals supplied through Jinnah with the purpose of making sure Muslim political rights and have an impact on in a coalition with the Congress and labored with the Aga Khan and different Muslim leaders to fix the factional divisions and attain harmony within the Muslim League.
LITERARY WORK
PERSIAN
Iqbal's poetic works are usually written in Persian instead of Urdu. Of his 12,000 verses in poetry, about 7,000 are in Persian. In 1915, he sent his first series of poems, Asrar-e-Khudi (Secrets of Visibility) in Persian. Poetry emphasizes spirit and self-reliance religiously, religiously. Many critics have called these paintings of Iqbal's best poem in Asrar-e-Khudi,
Iqbal describes his philosophy as "Khudi," or "Self." Iqbal's use of the word "Khudi" is much like the word "Rooh" cited within the Quran. "Rooh" is a divine spark that is found in everyone, and it chage into Adam when God commanded all the angels to bow earlier than Adam. One has to make a superb adventure of conversion to look that divine spark which Iqbal calls "Khudi".
A comparable concept changed into and used by Farid ud Din Attar in his "Mantaq-ul-Tair". He demonstrates via the means of one means that the whole universe submits to the preference of "Oneself." Iqbal denounces implosion. As long way as he is probably concerned, the factor of existence is self-acknowledgment and self-information. He graphs the tiers via which "Oneself" desires to skip earlier than at remaining displaying up at its motive at the back of flawlessness empowering the knower of "Oneself" to show right into a viceregent of God.
In his Rumuz-e-Bekhudi (Hints of Selflessness), Iqbal seeks to show the Islamic manner of existence is the high-quality code of behavior for a nation's viability. A man or woman needs to preserve his personal traits intact, however, as soon as that is done he has to sacrifice his private goal for the wishes of the nation. Man can not realize the "Self" out of the door of society. Also in Persian and posted in 1917, this institution of poems has as its foremost topic of correct community, Islamic moral and social principles, and the connecting among the person and society. Although he's actually for the duration of Islam, Iqbal additionally recognizes the fantastic analogous components of different religions. The Rumuz-e-Bekhudi enhances the emphasis on the self within side Asrar-e-Khudi and the 2 collections are frequently placed withinside the identical extent beneath neath the identify Asrar-e-Rumuz (Hinting Secrets). It is addressed to the world's Muslims.
Iqbal's 1924 book, Payam-e-Mashriq (The Eastern Message) is carefully connected with West-östlicher Diwan with the help of the famous German poet Goethe. Goethe laments that the West has grown into a materialistic world, and expects the East to give a message of a desire to revive religious values. Iqbal treats his paintings as a Western reminder of the importance of morality, faith, and civilization in a way that emphasizes the need to cultivate emotion, love, and power. He explains that one can never desire to have better values unless one learns about the nature of the spirit. On his first visit to Afghanistan, he presented his book "Payam-e Mashreq" to King Amanullah Khan in which he famously celebrated Afghanistan's independence to the British Empire. In 1933, he changed and was officially invited to Afghanistan to enroll in conferences related to the organization of Kabul University.
The Zabur-e-Ajam (Persian Psalms), posted in 1927, consist of the poems Gulshan-e-Raz-e-Jadeed (Garden of New Secrets) and Bandagi Nama (Book of Slavery). In Gulshan-e-Raz-e-Jadeed, Iqbal first poses questions, then solves them with the assist of historic and contemporary day insight, displaying the day it influences and issues and arena of action. Bandagi Nama denounces slavery by trying to give an explanation for the spirit at the back of the nice arts of enslaved societies. Here as in different books, Iqbal insists on remembering the past, doing nicely withinside the gift, and making ready for the future, whilst emphasizing love, enthusiasm, and power to meet the best life.
In His 1932 work, the Javed Nama (Book of Javed) is called after and in a way addressed to his son, whose featured withinside the poems. Iqbal depicts himself as Zinda Rud ("A circulate sincerely of life") guided through Rumi, "the master," through numerous heavens and spheres, and has the honor of coming near divinity and coming in touch with divine illuminations. In a passage re-devilling an ancient period, Iqbal condemns the Muslim who had been instrumental withinside the defeat and death of Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula of Bengal and Tipu Sultan of Mysore respectively through betraying them for the gain of the British colonists, and accordingly turning in their united state to the shackles of slavery. In the end, through addressing his son Javid, he speaks to the young humane being at large, and affords steerage to the "new generation."
URDU CONTRIBUTIONS
Iqbal's first painting in Urdu, the Bang-e-Dara (The Call of the Marching Bell) of 1924, become of poetry written with the aid of using him in 3 wonderful stages of his life. The poems he wrote as much as 1905, then 12 months Iqbal left for England imbibe patriotism and imagery of landscape, and consists of the Tarana-e-Hind (The Song of India), popularly called Saare Jahan Se Achcha and every other poem Tarana-e-Milli [Anthem of the (Muslim) Community], The 2d set of poems date from among 1905 and 1908 whilst Iqbal studied in Europe and stay upon the character of European society, which he emphasized had misplaced nonsecular and spiritual values. This stimulated Iqbal to write down poems at the historic and cultural history of the Islamic way of life and Muslim people, now no longer from an Indian but a worldwide perspective. Iqbal urges the worldwide network of Muslims, addressed because Ummah to outline personal, social, and political lifestyles with the aid of using the values and teachings of Islam.
Iqbal favored painting in particulars in Persian for a primary duration of his career, however, after 1930, his works have been in particulars in Urdu. The works of this area have been regularly in particular directed on the Muslim loads of India, with a good more patent emphasis on Islam, and Muslim religious and political reawakening. Published in 1935, the Bal-e-Jibril (Wings of Gabriel) is taken into consideration via a way of means of many critics because of greatest of Iqbal's Urdu poetry and turned into stimulating via a way of means of his go-to Spain, wherein he visited the monuments and legacy of dominions of the Moors. It includes ghazals, poems, quatrains, epigrams and consists of a robust feel nonsecular passion.
The poetry Musafir is included in the "Pas Cheh Bayed Kard ai Aqwam-e-Sharq" (What are we to do, O Nations of the East?) (Traveler). Iqbal portrays Rumi as a unique character and provides an explanation of the secrets of Islamic legal norms and Sufi views. Iqbal bemoans the disagreement and divisiveness among Indian Muslims, as well as among Muslim nations. Musafir is a description of one of Iqbal's visits to Afghanistan, in which the Pashtun people are encouraged to investigate the "secret of Islam" and "grow the self" inside themselves. The Armughan-e-Hijaz (The Gift of Hijaz), Iqbal's final paintings, was published posthumously in 1938. q is included in the first component.
One of Iqbal's Urdu ghazals, penned in London during his studies there, reveals his view of spiritual experience. The following are some verses from that ghazal:
"At long last, Hijaz's mute tongue has spoken."
the tidings were proclaimed to the eager ear
That the covenant that had been offered to the Israelites had been broken.
desert-dwells will be resurrected.
vigorously:
The lion who had emerged from the wasteland and
had toppled the Roman Empire is
As I am advised through the angels, approximately to get up
again (from his slumbers.)
You the dwellers of the West must understand that
the arena of God is not always a shop (of yours).
Your imagined 24 karat gold set to lose it
trendy value (as constant through you).
Your civilization will devote suicide with its
personal daggers."
ENGLISH CONTRIBUTIONS
In addition to Urdu and Persian literary works, Iqbal produced two volumes on The Development of Metaphysics in Persia and The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, as well as several correspondences in English. In it, he explored Persian ideology and Islamic Sufism in the context of his belief that true Islamic Sufism awakens the uncomfortable soul to a higher concept of life. He also spoke on philosophy, God, and the purpose of prayer, as well as the human spirit and Muslim culture, as well as political, social, and religious issues.
In 1931, Iqbal was invited to Cambridge to speak at a conference, where he shared his inspired vision with students and other attendees.
"I'd want to give some advice to the young men who are now studying at Cambridge......" I recommend that you avoid atheism and materialism. The separation of Church and State was Europe's worst folly. As a result, their civilization lost its moral spirit and became dominated by atheistic materialism. I had seen through the flaws of this civilization twenty-five years ago and made certain prophecies as a result. My mouth had delivered them, but I didn't fully comprehend them. This occurred in the year 1907..... My forecasts came true, word for word, after six or seven years. The European war of 1914 resulted from the aforementioned European mistakes.
LAST YEAR & DEATH
In 1931, Iqbal was invited to Cambridge to speak at a conference, where he shared his inspired vision with students and other attendees.
"I'd want to give some advice to the young men who are now studying at Cambridge......" I recommend that you avoid atheism and materialism. The separation of Church and State was Europe's worst folly. As a result, their civilization lost its moral spirit and became dominated by atheistic materialism. I had seen through the flaws of this civilization twenty-five years ago and made certain prophecies as a result. My mouth had delivered them, but I didn't fully comprehend them. This occurred in the year 1907..... My forecasts came true, word for word, after six or seven years. The European war of 1914 resulted from the aforementioned European mistakes.
Iqbal advanced a thriller throat contamination after getting back from an excursion to Spain and Afghanistan in 1933. He spent his very last years advocating for an unbiased Muslim kingdom and helping Chaudhry Niaz Ali Khan in setting up the Dar ul Islam Trust Institute on the latter's Jamalpur property close to Pathankot, organization research in classical Islam and current social technological now how could be subsidized. In 1934, Iqbal stopped working towards regulation and turned into offering a pension with the aid of using the Nawab of Bhopal. In his FINAL years, he sought religious coaching from the Dargah of famed Sufi Hazrat Ali Hujwiri in Lahore. Iqbal died in Lahore after months of laying low with his sickness.
Iqbal is widely revered in Pakistan, where he is regarded as the country's ideological founding father. His Tarana-e-Hind melody is widely used in India as a patriotic song that promotes communal unity. In Pakistan, his birthday is celebrated as Iqbal Day, a national holiday. The Allama Iqbal Campus Punjab University in Lahore, the Allama Iqbal Medical College in Lahore, the Iqbal Stadium in Faisalabad, the Allama Iqbal Open University, the Allama Iqbal International Airport in Lahore, and Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town in Karachi are all named after Iqbal. The established educational hierarchy has been funded by the government and public corporations.
FAMOUS POEMS
I Want to Read Popular Poems I'd like to experience the extremes of your love,
What a fool I am, longing for the impossible.
A Longing
I don't care whether you treat me badly or if you promise to show off your attractiveness.
I just want something unpleasant to put my willpower to the test.
"Says the Coal to a Diamond,
" he says. My garbage is so filthy that I'm little more than dust, while your shine rips the heart out of the mirror.
Before I'm cremated, my blackness ignites the chafing-dish. My head is trampled by a miner's foot, which covers me in ashes.
A Squirrel And A Mountain
'If you have self-respect, commit suicide,' a mountain said a squirrel.
A Squirrel And A Mountain
'If you have self-respect, commit suicide,' a mountain said a squirrel.
A Yearning
Thank you, Lord! I've had it with human assemblages!
When the heart is unhappy, no joy can be found in ensembles.
I'm looking for a way out of the chaos, and my heart longs for the stillness that speech so desperately craves!
IQBAL'S LOVERS
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So amazing ,nice to learn about Life of Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal.......
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DeleteWell done. Excellent effort
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